Sirtuin Activation and the 12 Hallmarks of Aging
Aging is a complex process that affects all living beings. As we age, our cells and organs undergo a series of changes that make them more vulnerable to various diseases. But what actually causes these changes? And, most importantly, is there anything we can do about it?
The 12 Hallmarks of Aging
Scientific research has identified 12 key processes that, collectively, cause and explain aging. These are known as the "hallmarks of aging" or the 12 hallmarks of aging:
1. Genomic Instability: Accumulation of DNA damage that compromises cellular integrity.
2. Telomere Attrition: The progressive shortening of telomere sequences on chromosomes during cell division.
3. Epigenetic Alterations: Changes in gene expression regulation without altering the DNA sequence.
4. Loss of Proteostasis: Dysfunction in the mechanisms that ensure proper protein folding and degradation.
5. Disabled Macroautophagy: Decreased ability of cells to remove damaged components.
6. Deregulated Nutrient Sensing: Alterations in the pathways that regulate metabolism in response to nutrient availability.
7. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Deterioration of mitochondrial function, which affects energy production.
8. Cellular Senescence: Accumulation of senescent cells that contribute to chronic inflammation.
9. Stem Cell Exhaustion: Decreased regenerative capacity of tissues.
10. Altered Intercellular Communication: Changes in the way cells communicate with each other.
11. Chronic Inflammation: Persistent inflammatory response that can contribute to age-related diseases.
12. Dysbiosis: Alterations in the gut microbiota that affect general health.
Figure: López-Otín, C., Blasco, MA, Partridge, L., Serrano, M. and Kroemer, G. (2023). Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell, 186(2), 243–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CELL.2022.11.001
Each of these processes contributes significantly to the deterioration of our cells and organs as we age, allowing scientists to divide aging into 12 different processes that can be studied and treated individually to find ways to slow down or mitigate their effects. But what is most interesting is that they are all closely related to the reduced production and activity of a family of proteins known as sirtuins, and their restoration can have beneficial effects on all 12 hallmarks.
The Role of Sirtuins in Aging
Sirtuins are a group of seven enzymes (SIRT1 to SIRT7) that play a fundamental role in regulating numerous cellular processes. These proteins act as metabolic sensors and modulators that respond to changes in nutrient levels and cellular stress.
When cells are under conditions of nutrient scarcity or stress, sirtuins are activated and trigger a series of responses that help the cell adapt and survive. This includes processes such as DNA repair, regulation of gene expression, metabolism control, and induction of autophagy.
However, as we age, sirtuin levels and activity tend to decrease. This directly contributes to the onset of the 12 hallmarks of aging, increasing the risk of developing age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Sirtuin Activation for Healthy Aging
Given the fundamental role of sirtuin deficiencies in the aging process, science has focused its efforts on discovering methods to activate these proteins, with the aim of delaying aging and promoting greater longevity.
An innovative solution in this field is Pterovita®, which combines two natural compounds: pterostilbene and picolinic acid. Pterostilbene is recognized as a potent activator of SIRT1, one of the most researched sirtuins for its beneficial effects, as its restoration to healthy levels contributes to healthy aging.
Numerous studies have shown that pterostilbene has positive effects on various hallmarks of aging. For example, it has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, decrease chronic inflammation, and optimize metabolism. All these benefits are due to the activation of SIRT1 and the modulation of longevity-related signaling pathways.
However, one of the main challenges of pterostilbene is its low bioavailability, which makes it difficult for it to reach the cells to obtain the mentioned benefits with oral supplementation. This is where Pterovita® stands out, as its formulation considerably improves the absorption of pterostilbene in the body, ensuring that it reaches the cells in sufficient concentrations to effectively activate SIRT1.
But Pterovita® not only increases the bioavailability of pterostilbene, but also enhances its effects through synergy with picolinic acid, which provides additional benefits, such as neuroprotection.
Compounds like Pterovita®, which enhance sirtuin activity, offer a promising strategy to promote healthy aging and delay the onset of age-related diseases. By acting on the key processes that drive aging, we can keep our cells and organs internally younger, thereby improving our quality of life.